Discovered more than 70 years ago, Nerve Growth Factor is a molecule that keeps delivering new results. In a recent work by Antonietta Curatola and Antonio Chiaretti conducted at Policlinico Gemelli in Rome, three children who were in a chronic vegetative state after Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) received the combined NGF and tDCS treatment. The results, published in Biology Direct a few weeks ago showed improvements in brain activity and function, as well as positive changes in their clinical condition. The children experienced a reduction in muscle stiffness, gained voluntary control over finger movements, improved facial expressions, and showed reactions to painful stimuli. Importantly, no side effects were reported.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a severe event that can happen to children, and even with advanced medical care, the chances of survival are low. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments available to restore brain function or significantly improve the condition of these patients. However, there are two potential treatments that show promise: Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). NGF is a substance that can protect the brain from damage caused by OHCA, and tDCS is a method of stimulating the brain to promote healing in neurological diseases.

NGF was administered through the nose, and tDCS involved applying a small electric current to the brain for a short period of time. The treatment was given twice, with one month between each session. Before and after the treatment, the children underwent various tests to evaluate brain activity and function, including brain scans, EEG, and assessments of motor function and disability.

Researchers noted that the findings, although very preliminary and on a very small sample, are promising and suggest further investigation possibly administering NGF in the early stages after OHCA and in patients with better initial neurological conditions. By studying this treatment more thoroughly, researchers hope to better understand its potential benefits for helping the brain recover after traumatic events.